Wildlife Forensic Science

Dr S K Gupta | Scientist E | Wildlife Institute of India

What is Wildlife Forensic Science?

There are many nuances of a Career in Wildlife Forensic Science. Understanding Why one wants to choose a Career in Wildlife Forensic Science is phenomenally more important than figuring out How to get into Wildlife Forensic Science. Just like you would normally not trust a non Doctor with names of medicines, you should also not trust opinions about Wildlife Forensic Science from non professionals.

Scientist E Dr S K Gupta has 16 years & 7 months of professional experience in Wildlife Forensic Science. Scientist E Dr S K Gupta outlines Wildlife Forensic Science as:

Forensic science is the application of science to criminal and civil laws, mainly on the criminal side during criminal investigation, as governed by the legal standards of admissible evidence and criminal procedure. Wildlife forensic science is forensic science applied to legal issues involving wildlife.

How Scientist E Dr S K Gupta got into Wildlife Forensic Science?

After completing B Sc in Botany, Zoology & Chemistry, I did Masters in Biotechnology from Meerut. Post that, I did Ph D in Wildlife Science from Saurashtra University. After that, I then worked as a Scientist at Dr Surapaneni Genomic Solutions for 2 years. I joined Wildlife Institute of India in 2008 as a Scientist C and am now I am a Scientist E.

Scientist E Dr S K Gupta's Talk on Wildlife Forensic Science

Exploring Wildlife Forensic Science: A Career at the Intersection of Biology and Law Wildlife forensic science is an emerging field that sits at the unique intersection of biology, law enforcement, and conservation. It is a discipline that assists in the protection of endangered species through scientific investigation, enabling the enforcement of wildlife protection laws. As highlighted by Sandeep Kumar Gupta, a leading expert in this field, wildlife forensic science has rapidly evolved over the past two decades into a vital element of wildlife conservation efforts. For those passionate about the natural world, pursuing a career in wildlife forensic science offers the ability to make impactful contributions to environmental protection while utilizing cutting-edge scientific techniques. What Is Wildlife Forensic Science Wildlife forensic science is a specialized branch of forensic science focused on investigating crimes involving wildlife, which encompass the illegal trafficking of protected species and the contravention of wildlife protection laws. This discipline employs a variety of scientific techniques to analyze biological materials from crime scenes, ensuring the proper identification and protection of endangered species. Given that over 15,000 species, as listed under several schedules of wildlife protection acts, are under scrutiny, this field plays a crucial role in combating illegal wildlife activities by providing actionable evidence to authorities. Education Biological Sciences A solid foundation in biological sciences is essential for anyone aspiring to enter the field of wildlife forensic science. This discipline encompasses various fundamental subjects that provide a thorough understanding of life forms, their interactions, and the threats they face from human activities. Educational backgrounds in biology help future professionals grasp essential knowledge and principles that will inform their investigative work, whether it’s species identification or understanding the ecological implications of wildlife crimes. Biotechnology Biotechnology, which is integral to wildlife forensic science, allows professionals to apply biological knowledge and techniques to solve environmental issues. With subjects such as molecular cloning and genetic engineering, this field provides vital training in the tools and methodologies necessary to analyze and manipulate biological systems effectively. Sandeep Kumar Gupta himself pursued a master's in biotechnology, which equipped him with the requisite skills to engage in advanced forensic investigations. Forensic Science A formal education in forensic science is crucial as it imparts specific methodologies that are applicable to criminal investigations. Students are taught how to conduct forensic analyses using advanced technologies, such as toxicology tests and DNA fingerprinting, thereby preparing them to address real-world challenges encountered in wildlife crimes. The integration of forensic science into wildlife studies fortifies legal cases with scientifically robust evidence, ultimately aiding in the prosecution of offenders. Genetics Understanding genetics is a core element of wildlife forensic investigations. This subject covers the analysis of DNA, which is instrumental in distinguishing between species and individual specimens involved in wildlife crimes. As Gupta noted, knowledge of population genetics is particularly critical for conducting DNA analysis which can confirm species identities or match individuals in suspected wildlife crimes. This understanding enables forensic scientists to provide clear, scientific evidence in judicial processes. DNA Technology DNA technology encompasses the various methods used to analyze genetic material for species and individual identification. This area is pivotal in wildlife forensics, where expertise in different DNA markers and their implications can significantly influence case outcomes. Proficiency in DNA technology equips wildlife forensic experts to select appropriate markers depending on the specific requirements of a given investigation, thus facilitating accurate and timely analyses. Skills Computer Skills Proficient computer skills are increasingly necessary in the wildlife forensic realm, where technology plays an integral role in data analysis and report generation. Wildlife forensic scientists must be adept at using specialized software to manage and interpret large datasets arising from their investigations. Effective use of computer systems directly contributes to the efficiency and accuracy of forensic reporting. Lab Awareness Having a thorough awareness of laboratory protocols is essential for success in wildlife forensic science. Practical experience in a well-equipped lab enables professionals to grasp the technical aspects of forensic investigation, from sample processing to data interpretation. This lab exposure is vital, as it prepares individuals for the rigors of scientific inquiry and allows them to develop essential skills that underpin successful forensic analyses. DNA Marker Familiarity with different types of DNA markers used in forensic investigations is crucial for identifying both species and individuals. Knowledge in this area equips wildlife forensic scientists to employ the right tools for various cases, enhancing their ability to produce credible results. An understanding of which markers are applicable under different circumstances permits effective criminal analysis and substantially aids in the prosecution of wildlife crimes. Morphological Features In addition to genetic analysis, the examination of morphological features is a vital component of wildlife forensic science. Investigators may utilize skeletal measurements, fur textures, or feather patterns to assist in species identification. Gupta emphasizes that a comprehensive approach combining DNA techniques with morphological analyses leads to more robust and reliable investigations. Bioinformatics & Data Analysis Bioinformatics has become a critical aspect of wildlife forensic science, as it aids scientists in managing vast amounts of genomic data. Through data analysis, professionals can compile and interpret results more effectively, increasing the insight gleaned from forensic examinations. Mastery of bioinformatics tools allows wildlife forensic scientists to produce thorough and concise forensic reports that can withstand scrutiny in court. Data Interpretation The ability to interpret scientific data and distill it into clear, comprehensible reports is a key skill for those in wildlife forensic science. Clear communication of complex scientific findings is crucial, particularly when these findings are presented in legal contexts. Well-developed data interpretation skills ensure that forensic experts can convey crucial information effectively, thereby influencing judicial outcomes. Communication Skills Strong communication skills are indispensable in wildlife forensic science, particularly when presenting findings in a courtroom setting. Forensic scientists must articulate their methodologies, results, and the implications of their analyses to judges and juries clearly and effectively. Gupta emphasizes that clear communication not only strengthens a forensic report but also ensures that scientific evidence is understood and appreciated in legal contexts. Positives Satisfaction Professional satisfaction is a notable benefit of a career in wildlife forensic science. Engaging in work that directly contributes to the conservation of wildlife and the enforcement of laws brings a sense of fulfillment to many professionals in this field. Gupta shares that his passion for wildlife forensic science stems from the satisfaction of conducting meaningful work, underscoring how peace of mind can enhance job performance. Research Opportunity Wildlife forensic science is a rapidly evolving field that invites continuous research and development. With many uncharted territories within the discipline, professionals are afforded numerous opportunities to contribute to advancing scientific knowledge and methodologies. This ongoing pursuit of discovery is a draw for many who enter the field, including Gupta, who thrives on the potential to innovate and deepen understanding. Traveling & Exposure The field of wildlife forensic science not only offers intellectual challenges but also opportunities for travel and professional growth. Forensic scientists like Gupta may find themselves traveling across regions to present findings and contribute expertise in legal proceedings. These experiences provide valuable exposure to diverse ecological environments and contribute to a broader understanding of conservation issues on a global scale. Challenges Various Species in Wildlife One significant challenge within wildlife forensic science is the need to be knowledgeable about a vast range of species listed under the Wildlife Protection Act. Unlike human forensics, which deals primarily with one species, wildlife forensics involves identifying and analyzing potentially any one of the over 15,000 species protected by law. This necessity creates a demanding learning curve, requiring forensic scientists to be highly adaptable and well-versed in the distinct biological characteristics of multiple species. Lack of Good Repository Another pivotal challenge is the lack of comprehensive reference materials or repositories of known samples for comparison. Successful wildlife forensic analysis often hinges on access to these benchmarks for accurately identifying unknown samples encountered in investigations. Gathering and maintaining a reliable collection of reference samples for all protected species is a substantial task, one that invites ongoing research and collaboration within the forensic community. A Day Of A Day in Wildlife Forensic Science A typical day in the life of a wildlife forensic scientist begins in the laboratory, where professionals like Gupta oversee ongoing research and analysis activities. Daily responsibilities include consulting with research teams to troubleshoot challenges, analyzing incoming forensic samples, and compiling findings into detailed reports. Alongside investigative duties, time is often dedicated to mentoring researchers and students, ensuring the next generation is well-equipped for the challenges of wildlife forensics. This dynamic and diverse landscape of work showcases the dedication and expertise required to thrive in this meaningful and impactful field. In conclusion, a career in wildlife forensic science interlaces compelling scientific inquiry with critical environmental advocacy. For those who are passionate about conservation and justice, this field offers fulfilling opportunities that create significant impacts on wildlife protection and legal enforcement. With the ongoing evolution of techniques and knowledge, wildlife forensic science stands at the forefront of guarding our planet’s precious biodiversity.

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Wildlife Forensic Science?

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Links for this Talk

Scientist E Dr S K Gupta's LifePage:

[LifePage]
https://www.lifepage.in/page/skgupta

LifePage Career Talk on Wildlife Forensic Science

[Career]
https://www.lifepage.in/careers/wildlife-forensic-science-1

[Full Talk]
https://lifepage.app.link/20180813-0003

[Trailer]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KrWLCMQpN70

(Wildlife Forensic Science, Dr Sandeep Gupta, Wildlife Institute of India, Scientist E, WII, Crime, Illegal Trade, Investigation, Ecology, Wildlife Forensic, Forensic Science)

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Wildlife Forensic Science

C P Sharma
Senior Technical Officer | Wildlife Institute of India

[ 24 years & 7 months Experience ]

Forensic science is the application of science to criminal and civil laws, mainly on the criminal side during criminal investigation, as governed by the legal standards of admissible evidence and criminal procedure. Wildlife forensic science is forensic science applied to legal issues involving wildlife.

"After completing my B Sc in Chemistry, Botany & Zoology and M Sc in Forensic Science from Punjabi University, Patiala, I joined Wildlife Institute of India in 1994 and since then I am working at WII as a Senior Technical Officer there."