Wildlife Biology

Dr S P Goyal | Scientist G | Wildlife Institute of India

What is Wildlife Biology?

A Career in Wildlife Biology is very interesting. One should first understand What a Career in Wildlife Biology entails before investing time and effort to figure out How to start a Career in Wildlife Biology. While anyone can have an opinion on what Wildlife Biology entails; only a real professional can really explain it.

With 32 years & 7 months of professional experience, Scientist G Dr S P Goyal understands Wildlife Biology. Scientist G Dr S P Goyal defines Wildlife Biology as:

Wildlife Biologists are scientists that observe and study the behaviors of animals. They frequently observe the features of certain wildlife and determine the creatures' role in specific ecosystems and/or how they interact with human beings. In addition, they will often perform various experiments to either increase our knowledge about a certain species or see how humans influence the ecosystem in question.

How Scientist G Dr S P Goyal got into Wildlife Biology?

After completing my B Sc, M Sc in Zoology and Ph D in Zoology, I started my research career in Thar Desert on Black Buck, Indian Gazelle and Great Indian Bustard. I worked there for quite some time and later joined Wildlife Institute of India (WII) in 1986. I worked there for 28 years and retired from the post of Scientist G. I am a Professor at WII.

Scientist G Dr S P Goyal's Talk on Wildlife Biology

The Journey of Wildlife Biology What Is Wildlife Biology Wildlife Biology Wildlife biology is the scientific study of wild animals, their habitats, and their interactions with ecosystems. It involves researching animal behavior, population dynamics, and conservation strategies to better understand and protect biodiversity. Wildlife biologists work to ensure the sustainability of species and the health of natural environments. Wildlife biology plays a crucial role in preserving the planet’s biodiversity and maintaining ecological balance. Professionals in this field contribute to conservation efforts, inform environmental policy, and help manage natural resources responsibly. The work of wildlife biologists leads to healthier ecosystems, supports sustainable human development, and advances scientific knowledge. By monitoring species populations and studying their habitats, wildlife biologists can detect early warning signs of environmental problems, such as habitat loss or climate change impacts. Their research guides conservation strategies, helps restore endangered species, and educates the public about the importance of wildlife. Ultimately, wildlife biology benefits both nature and society by fostering coexistence and promoting environmental stewardship. A wildlife biologist working in a national park might conduct field surveys to monitor the population of a threatened mammal species. By tracking animal movements with GPS collars and analyzing habitat use, the biologist gathers data on how the species responds to environmental changes, such as increased human activity or habitat fragmentation. This information is used to develop management plans that protect critical habitats and minimize human-wildlife conflicts. The biologist may also collaborate with local communities and park rangers to implement conservation measures, such as creating wildlife corridors or adjusting park regulations. Through these efforts, wildlife biologists directly contribute to the survival of species and the preservation of natural ecosystems. Education Animal Habitat Interaction Animal Habitat Interaction refers to the dynamic relationships between animals and their environments, encompassing how species use, modify, and are influenced by their habitats. This concept is central to Wildlife Biology, as it underpins research, conservation, and management strategies aimed at understanding and preserving biodiversity and ecosystem health. A deep understanding of Animal Habitat Interaction is essential for anyone pursuing a career in Wildlife Biology. This subject forms the backbone of ecological research, conservation planning, and wildlife management. By grasping how animals interact with their habitats, professionals can predict population trends, assess the impacts of environmental changes, and design effective conservation interventions. This knowledge enables wildlife biologists to make informed decisions that balance species needs with human activities, ensuring the sustainability of both wildlife populations and ecosystems. Over the long term, mastery of these interactions enhances a professional’s ability to adapt to emerging challenges, such as habitat fragmentation and climate change, making them invaluable contributors to the field. Consider a wildlife biologist tasked with monitoring a population of river otters in a protected wetland. By applying their understanding of Animal Habitat Interaction, the biologist observes how otters select den sites, forage for food, and respond to seasonal water level changes. This insight allows the biologist to identify critical habitat features necessary for otter survival and reproduction. When a nearby development project threatens to alter water flow, the biologist uses their expertise to advise on mitigation strategies that preserve essential habitat elements. Through this process, theoretical knowledge of habitat interactions directly informs practical conservation actions, ensuring the long-term viability of the otter population and the health of the wetland ecosystem. Distribution Pattern of Species The distribution pattern of species refers to the spatial arrangement of individuals within a particular area, describing how organisms are spread across their habitat. This concept is fundamental in Wildlife Biology, as it helps professionals understand ecological relationships, population dynamics, and the factors influencing species presence and abundance in various environments. Understanding the distribution pattern of species is essential for wildlife biologists because it underpins effective conservation planning, habitat management, and ecological research. Mastery of this subject allows professionals to identify critical habitats, recognize changes in biodiversity, and predict the impacts of environmental disturbances. It also aids in assessing the health of ecosystems and developing strategies to mitigate threats such as habitat fragmentation or invasive species. Over the course of a career, this knowledge supports informed decision-making, enhances the ability to communicate findings to stakeholders, and provides a scientific basis for policy recommendations. Ultimately, a strong grasp of species distribution patterns equips wildlife biologists to contribute meaningfully to biodiversity preservation and sustainable ecosystem management. Imagine a wildlife biologist tasked with monitoring a threatened bird species in a national park. By applying their understanding of distribution patterns, the biologist surveys different park zones to determine where the birds are most densely clustered and where they are absent. This information reveals which habitats are most crucial for the species’ survival and reproduction. The biologist then collaborates with park managers to prioritize conservation efforts in these key areas, such as restricting human access during breeding seasons or restoring native vegetation. Through this practical application, the biologist ensures that management actions are targeted and effective, directly linking theoretical knowledge of species distribution to tangible conservation outcomes. Sampling Design Sampling design is the strategic process of selecting a subset of individuals, locations, or events from a larger population to collect data that accurately represents the whole. In Wildlife Biology, it underpins research and management by ensuring that findings are scientifically valid, unbiased, and applicable to broader ecological questions or conservation efforts. Understanding sampling design is essential for wildlife biologists because it directly influences the reliability and credibility of their research. Mastery of this subject allows professionals to plan studies that minimize bias, maximize efficiency, and ensure that collected data truly reflect the populations or habitats of interest. This foundational knowledge is critical for designing surveys, monitoring programs, and ecological experiments. Over the course of a career, proficiency in sampling design enhances a biologist’s ability to secure funding, publish impactful research, and contribute to evidence-based management decisions. It also fosters adaptability, enabling professionals to address new challenges and apply robust methodologies across diverse ecosystems and species. Imagine a wildlife biologist tasked with estimating the population size of an endangered bird species within a national park. By applying their knowledge of sampling design, they systematically select survey sites across different habitat types, ensuring that each area is proportionally represented. During fieldwork, they follow a predetermined schedule and standardized observation methods to collect data consistently. This approach allows them to generate accurate population estimates, identify critical habitats, and detect trends over time. Their careful sampling design not only strengthens the scientific validity of their findings but also provides park managers with reliable information to guide conservation actions and policy decisions, ultimately supporting the long-term survival of the species. Modern Tools Modern Tools refers to the advanced technologies, software, and equipment used to collect, analyze, and interpret data in scientific research. In Wildlife Biology, these tools include geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, genetic analysis, and automated data loggers, forming an essential part of both academic study and professional practice. Understanding Modern Tools is vital for anyone entering or working in Wildlife Biology because it enables professionals to efficiently gather and process complex ecological data. Mastery of these technologies forms the backbone of contemporary research, allowing for more accurate monitoring of wildlife populations, habitats, and environmental changes. As the field evolves, employers increasingly expect proficiency in these tools, making them indispensable for career advancement. Familiarity with Modern Tools not only enhances the quality of scientific findings but also opens doors to collaborative projects, funding opportunities, and leadership roles. Over the long term, staying current with technological advancements ensures that wildlife biologists remain competitive and effective in addressing conservation challenges. Consider a wildlife biologist tasked with monitoring the migration patterns of an endangered bird species. By applying their knowledge of Modern Tools, the biologist deploys GPS tracking devices to individual birds and uses GIS software to map their movements across vast landscapes. The data collected is then analyzed to identify critical stopover sites and potential threats along migration routes. This integration of fieldwork and technology allows the biologist to provide actionable insights for conservation planning, such as recommending habitat protection measures or informing policy decisions. The ability to seamlessly use Modern Tools in daily operations not only streamlines research but also significantly enhances the impact and credibility of the biologist’s work. Testing of Field Research Methods Testing of Field Research Methods refers to the systematic evaluation and validation of techniques and protocols used to collect data in natural environments. In Wildlife Biology, it ensures that research methods yield accurate, reliable, and reproducible results, forming a critical component of both academic study and professional practice within the field. Understanding how to test field research methods is essential for wildlife biologists because it underpins the credibility and effectiveness of their work. Mastery of this subject allows professionals to design studies that minimize bias, reduce errors, and produce trustworthy data, which is crucial for making informed conservation decisions. It also enables biologists to adapt to diverse field conditions, troubleshoot methodological challenges, and justify their approaches to peers, funding agencies, and regulatory bodies. Over the course of a career, proficiency in testing research methods fosters innovation, enhances collaboration, and supports the development of new techniques, all of which are vital for advancing both individual careers and the broader field of Wildlife Biology. Imagine a wildlife biologist tasked with estimating the population size of an elusive mammal species in a dense forest. Before launching a full-scale survey, the biologist tests several field methods, such as camera trapping, track surveys, and direct observation, to determine which yields the most reliable data under local conditions. By systematically comparing the results and refining protocols, the biologist ensures that the chosen method accurately reflects the true population size. This careful testing not only improves the validity of the study but also informs future research and conservation strategies, demonstrating how theoretical knowledge of testing field research methods is directly applied in daily professional practice. Biological Science Biological Science is the study of living organisms, encompassing their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution. It integrates disciplines such as genetics, ecology, physiology, and molecular biology. For Wildlife Biology, Biological Science provides the essential framework to understand animal life, ecosystems, and the complex interactions that sustain biodiversity. A strong grasp of Biological Science is indispensable for anyone pursuing a career in Wildlife Biology. This subject forms the bedrock upon which all wildlife research and conservation efforts are built. Understanding cellular processes, genetics, and ecological relationships enables professionals to interpret animal behavior, assess population health, and predict responses to environmental changes. Mastery of these concepts allows wildlife biologists to design effective studies, analyze data accurately, and develop evidence-based management strategies. Over the long term, this foundational knowledge supports career advancement, as it equips professionals to adapt to new scientific discoveries, utilize advanced technologies, and contribute meaningfully to interdisciplinary teams working to preserve wildlife and natural habitats. Consider a wildlife biologist tasked with monitoring a declining amphibian population in a wetland ecosystem. Drawing on their background in Biological Science, they investigate potential causes such as disease, pollution, or habitat alteration. By applying their understanding of genetics, they might analyze tissue samples to detect pathogens or genetic bottlenecks. Their knowledge of ecology helps them assess how changes in water quality or vegetation impact amphibian breeding success. This theoretical foundation enables the biologist to interpret field observations, design targeted conservation interventions, and communicate findings to stakeholders. Ultimately, their expertise in Biological Science is crucial for making informed decisions that support the recovery and long-term survival of the species. Skills Field Experience Field experience refers to the hands-on, practical engagement with wildlife and their habitats, gained through direct observation, data collection, and problem-solving in natural settings. This skill is fundamental in wildlife biology, enabling professionals to accurately interpret animal behaviors, assess ecosystems, and implement effective conservation strategies based on real-world conditions. Field experience significantly enhances a wildlife biologist’s ability to make informed decisions and adapt to unpredictable situations. Employers and clients highly value this skill because it demonstrates a candidate’s capability to work independently in challenging environments, collect reliable data, and respond to unforeseen complications. Over time, field experience is cultivated through participation in research projects, internships, and volunteer opportunities that immerse individuals in diverse habitats and expose them to various species. As professionals accumulate more field hours, they develop a deeper understanding of ecological processes, refine their observational skills, and build resilience. This ongoing development not only improves job performance but also fosters credibility and trust among peers, stakeholders, and the broader scientific community. Imagine a wildlife biologist tasked with monitoring a threatened bird species in a remote wetland. Unexpectedly, the population numbers begin to decline rapidly. Drawing on extensive field experience, the biologist recognizes subtle changes in water quality and vegetation that less seasoned observers might overlook. By methodically tracking environmental variables and animal behaviors, the biologist identifies a previously undetected pollutant source upstream. This discovery leads to targeted mitigation efforts, ultimately stabilizing the bird population. Without the nuanced understanding and adaptability gained through field experience, the root cause might have remained hidden, highlighting how essential this skill is for effective problem-solving and conservation success in wildlife biology. Observation Skills Observation skills refer to the ability to notice, accurately perceive, and interpret details in the environment, behaviors, and patterns, often without direct interference. In wildlife biology, these skills are fundamental, enabling professionals to gather reliable data, recognize subtle changes in animal behavior, and understand complex ecological interactions. Strong observation skills directly enhance a wildlife biologist’s effectiveness by allowing them to detect nuanced behaviors, track animal movements, and identify environmental changes that may otherwise go unnoticed. Employers and clients highly value this skill because it leads to more accurate data collection, better-informed conservation strategies, and early detection of ecological threats. Cultivating observation skills involves regular practice in the field, maintaining detailed notes, and learning to minimize personal biases. Over time, wildlife biologists refine their ability to distinguish between normal and abnormal patterns, improving their capacity to make sound scientific judgments and contribute valuable insights to research and conservation efforts. Imagine a wildlife biologist monitoring a population of endangered birds in a remote forest. By employing keen observation skills, the biologist notices a subtle shift in the birds’ nesting locations and a change in their feeding habits. Recognizing these patterns, the biologist investigates further and discovers that a new predator has entered the area, threatening the birds’ survival. Thanks to their observational acumen, the biologist is able to alert conservation authorities promptly, leading to the implementation of protective measures. This scenario highlights how observation skills are not only vital for data collection but can also be the key to timely interventions that safeguard vulnerable species. Statistical Analysis Statistical Analysis is the process of collecting, examining, interpreting, and presenting data to uncover patterns, trends, and relationships. In Wildlife Biology, it enables professionals to make sense of complex ecological data, draw reliable conclusions, and inform conservation decisions. This skill is fundamental for rigorous scientific research and effective wildlife management. Mastering statistical analysis allows wildlife biologists to interpret field data accurately, identify significant ecological patterns, and test scientific hypotheses with confidence. Employers and clients highly value this skill because it ensures that research findings are robust, reproducible, and actionable. Sound statistical analysis underpins grant proposals, policy recommendations, and conservation strategies, making it indispensable in both academic and applied settings. To cultivate this skill, professionals often pursue formal coursework, attend specialized workshops, and gain hands-on experience with statistical software. Continuous learning and collaboration with statisticians further enhance proficiency, ensuring that wildlife biologists remain adept at handling increasingly complex datasets throughout their careers. Imagine a wildlife biologist tasked with assessing the impact of a new highway on a local population of endangered amphibians. By employing statistical analysis, the biologist can compare population data collected before and after construction, accounting for variables such as weather and habitat changes. Through rigorous analysis, the biologist identifies a significant decline in amphibian numbers correlated with increased road mortality. This evidence-based finding enables the biologist to recommend targeted mitigation measures, such as wildlife corridors or road underpasses, to stakeholders. In this scenario, statistical analysis transforms raw data into actionable insights, directly influencing conservation outcomes and demonstrating the biologist’s value to both the scientific community and decision-makers. Hard Work & Perseverance Hard work and perseverance mean consistently applying effort, determination, and resilience to overcome obstacles and achieve long-term goals, even when faced with setbacks or slow progress. In wildlife biology, these qualities are indispensable, enabling professionals to conduct rigorous research, adapt to unpredictable environments, and persist through challenging fieldwork. Hard work and perseverance directly enhance a wildlife biologist’s performance by fostering a strong work ethic and the ability to endure physically and mentally demanding tasks. Employers and clients value these traits because they ensure projects are completed thoroughly, deadlines are met, and unforeseen challenges are addressed with determination. Cultivating this skill involves setting clear goals, maintaining motivation during routine or difficult tasks, and learning from setbacks rather than being discouraged by them. Over time, repeated exposure to challenging situations and a commitment to continuous improvement help wildlife biologists build the resilience needed to thrive in their careers. Imagine a wildlife biologist tasked with tracking an endangered species in a remote forest. Despite weeks of harsh weather, elusive animals, and equipment failures, the biologist remains committed, meticulously recording data and adjusting strategies as needed. Through hard work and perseverance, the biologist eventually gathers critical information that leads to new conservation measures. This success not only advances scientific understanding but also demonstrates to colleagues and stakeholders the value of unwavering dedication in achieving meaningful results in wildlife biology. Presentation Skills Presentation skills refer to the ability to effectively communicate information, ideas, and research findings to an audience using clear speech, engaging visuals, and confident body language. In wildlife biology, these skills are vital for sharing scientific discoveries, influencing policy, educating the public, and securing funding for conservation initiatives. Strong presentation skills enable wildlife biologists to translate complex scientific data into accessible messages for diverse audiences, including policymakers, community stakeholders, and academic peers. Employers and clients highly value this ability because it ensures that research outcomes are understood, appreciated, and acted upon. Effective presentations can lead to increased support for conservation projects, successful grant applications, and collaborative opportunities. To cultivate this skill, professionals should seek regular practice through public speaking, participate in workshops, and solicit feedback from mentors and colleagues. Over time, consistent effort and exposure to different audiences help refine delivery techniques, boost confidence, and enhance the overall impact of scientific communication. Imagine a wildlife biologist tasked with presenting the results of a critical habitat assessment to a local government council. The council’s decision will determine whether a threatened species’ habitat receives legal protection. By employing strong presentation skills, the biologist conveys the urgency and significance of the findings using compelling visuals, clear explanations, and persuasive storytelling. The presentation addresses potential concerns, answers questions confidently, and connects the scientific data to the community’s values. As a result, the council members are convinced of the habitat’s importance and vote in favor of its protection. In this scenario, the biologist’s ability to present information effectively directly influences a positive conservation outcome. Scientific Writing Skills Scientific Writing Skills refer to the ability to clearly, accurately, and objectively communicate research findings, methodologies, and interpretations in written form, following established scientific conventions. In wildlife biology, this skill is crucial for documenting studies, sharing discoveries, and informing conservation efforts, ensuring that information is accessible and credible within the scientific community. Mastering scientific writing directly enhances a wildlife biologist’s effectiveness by enabling them to convey complex data and insights in a manner that is understandable and persuasive to peers, policymakers, and the public. Employers and clients highly value this skill because well-written reports, grant proposals, and publications are essential for securing funding, influencing conservation policy, and advancing scientific knowledge. Developing scientific writing skills requires consistent practice, critical reading of published literature, and seeking feedback from mentors and colleagues. Over time, wildlife biologists refine their ability to structure arguments logically, use precise language, and adhere to journal or organizational guidelines, making their work more impactful and widely recognized. Imagine a wildlife biologist conducting a long-term study on the declining population of a threatened bird species. After collecting extensive field data, the biologist must synthesize the findings into a comprehensive research paper for submission to a peer-reviewed journal. By employing strong scientific writing skills, the biologist presents the methodology, results, and conservation recommendations clearly and convincingly. This well-crafted paper not only passes rigorous peer review but also attracts the attention of conservation agencies and funding bodies. As a result, the research informs new management strategies and secures additional resources for ongoing monitoring, demonstrating how scientific writing is pivotal in translating fieldwork into real-world conservation outcomes. Positives Contribution to Conservation Contribution to Conservation means actively working to protect, restore, and sustain wildlife populations and their habitats for future generations. This involves applying scientific knowledge to address threats, promote biodiversity, and ensure ecological balance. In wildlife biology, this commitment transforms research and fieldwork into meaningful actions that benefit both nature and society. The opportunity to contribute to conservation is a profound source of motivation and fulfillment for wildlife biologists. Knowing that their daily efforts help preserve endangered species, restore habitats, and maintain ecological health gives their work a lasting significance. This sense of purpose not only enhances job satisfaction but also fuels professional growth, as each project offers new challenges and learning opportunities. Wildlife biologists experience the tangible results of their conservation efforts, whether through increased animal populations, healthier ecosystems, or successful policy changes. This ongoing impact reinforces their dedication and passion, making every day on the job meaningful and inspiring. Imagine a wildlife biologist working to restore a wetland that serves as a critical breeding ground for a threatened bird species. Through careful research, habitat management, and collaboration with local communities, the biologist witnesses the return of the birds in greater numbers each season. This visible recovery is a direct result of their conservation efforts, offering a deep sense of accomplishment and pride. The biologist not only contributes to the survival of a species but also inspires others to value and protect natural habitats. This real-world impact exemplifies how contribution to conservation transforms a career in wildlife biology into a lifelong mission with lasting rewards. Understanding Functional Value of Species Understanding Functional Value of Species means recognizing and studying the unique roles each species plays within an ecosystem, including their contributions to ecological processes, stability, and biodiversity. This knowledge allows wildlife biologists to appreciate the interconnectedness of life and informs conservation strategies that protect both individual species and entire habitats. By uncovering these relationships, wildlife biologists gain a deeper sense of purpose and responsibility, knowing their work directly supports the health and resilience of natural environments. This aspect of the profession is profoundly rewarding, as it transforms scientific curiosity into meaningful action that safeguards the planet’s intricate web of life. The ability to understand the functional value of species elevates the work of wildlife biologists, making their daily tasks more meaningful and impactful. This perspective fosters a sense of stewardship, as professionals realize that their research and conservation efforts have tangible effects on ecosystem health and sustainability. Such insight not only enhances job satisfaction but also opens doors to career growth, as expertise in ecosystem dynamics is highly valued in research, policy-making, and environmental management. Each day, wildlife biologists witness the direct results of their efforts, whether through improved habitat conditions or the recovery of threatened species, reinforcing their commitment and passion for the field. Imagine a wildlife biologist working in a wetland ecosystem who discovers that a seemingly common amphibian species plays a crucial role in controlling insect populations and maintaining water quality. By understanding this functional value, the biologist advocates for the protection of the species and its habitat, leading to healthier wetlands and increased biodiversity. This realization not only brings professional fulfillment but also demonstrates the profound impact of their expertise on real-world conservation outcomes. The biologist experiences firsthand how their knowledge and actions contribute to the well-being of entire ecosystems, making their career both inspiring and deeply meaningful. Exploring Different Ecosystems Exploring different ecosystems means immersing oneself in a variety of natural habitats—such as forests, wetlands, deserts, grasslands, and oceans—to study the diverse organisms and ecological processes within them. This dynamic aspect of wildlife biology enriches the profession by offering continuous learning, adventure, and a deeper understanding of life’s interconnectedness. The opportunity to explore different ecosystems is a cornerstone of what makes a career in wildlife biology so rewarding. Each new environment presents unique challenges and discoveries, keeping the work intellectually stimulating and never monotonous. Professionals gain a broader perspective on biodiversity and conservation, which enhances their expertise and adaptability. This constant exposure to new habitats fosters creativity, problem-solving skills, and a sense of wonder that fuels passion for the field. Daily, wildlife biologists might find themselves tracking animals in a rainforest one month and studying aquatic life in a coastal marsh the next, ensuring that their work remains fresh and engaging. This diversity not only boosts job satisfaction but also opens doors for career growth and meaningful contributions to science and conservation. Imagine a wildlife biologist who spends part of the year researching mountain lions in the rugged terrain of the Rockies, carefully observing their behavior and tracking their movements through dense forests and rocky outcrops. Later, the same biologist travels to the Florida Everglades to study the impact of invasive species on native bird populations, navigating winding waterways and lush wetlands. Each ecosystem presents new species, research questions, and conservation challenges, offering the biologist a sense of adventure and fulfillment. The ability to adapt to different environments and witness the incredible diversity of life firsthand makes every day unique, reinforcing the profound impact and joy of exploring different ecosystems in wildlife biology. Self Satisfaction Self satisfaction is the deep sense of fulfillment and contentment that arises from achieving personal goals, aligning actions with values, and making a meaningful difference. In wildlife biology, this feeling emerges from contributing to conservation, understanding nature, and knowing that one’s work helps protect the planet’s biodiversity for future generations. Self satisfaction is a cornerstone of a rewarding career in wildlife biology because it transforms daily tasks into meaningful pursuits. When professionals feel that their work matters, motivation and enthusiasm naturally increase, leading to greater job satisfaction and personal growth. This intrinsic reward helps wildlife biologists navigate the challenges of fieldwork, research, and advocacy, reinforcing their commitment to conservation. The knowledge that their efforts directly benefit ecosystems and species fosters a sense of pride and accomplishment. Over time, this positive outlook not only enhances mental well-being but also encourages continuous learning and resilience, making the journey in wildlife biology both sustainable and deeply gratifying. Imagine a wildlife biologist who spends months tracking an endangered bird species in a remote forest. After countless early mornings and meticulous data collection, the biologist observes a rise in the bird’s population, thanks to conservation strategies implemented based on their research. Witnessing the tangible results of their dedication, the biologist feels an overwhelming sense of self satisfaction. This moment of fulfillment is not just about scientific achievement, but about knowing their passion and perseverance have made a real difference. The experience fuels their enthusiasm for future projects, reinforcing their belief in the value of their work and the positive impact they can have on the natural world. Challenges Tough Working Conditions Tough working conditions in wildlife biology refer to the physically and mentally demanding environments professionals often encounter, such as extreme weather, remote locations, unpredictable terrain, and exposure to wildlife hazards. These challenges require adaptability, endurance, and a strong commitment to research, making the field both rewarding and exceptionally demanding for practitioners. The demanding nature of tough working conditions in wildlife biology can significantly affect daily routines, often requiring long hours outdoors, irregular schedules, and extended periods away from home. These factors can lead to physical exhaustion, mental fatigue, and increased risk of injury or illness. Resilience becomes essential, as professionals must maintain focus and motivation despite discomfort and adversity. Successful wildlife biologists manage these constraints by preparing thoroughly, maintaining physical fitness, and developing strong problem-solving skills. They also rely on teamwork, effective communication, and a deep passion for conservation to sustain their commitment. By embracing flexibility and cultivating a positive mindset, they transform challenges into opportunities for growth and discovery. Consider a wildlife biologist conducting field research on endangered amphibians in a remote rainforest. The work involves trekking through dense, muddy terrain during the rainy season, enduring swarms of insects, and coping with unpredictable weather. Despite these hardships, the biologist remains focused by meticulously planning each expedition, ensuring proper gear and safety protocols are in place, and maintaining regular communication with their team. They draw motivation from the significance of their research and the potential impact on conservation efforts. Through perseverance, adaptability, and a strong sense of purpose, the biologist not only collects valuable data but also demonstrates how tough working conditions can be managed and overcome in pursuit of meaningful scientific goals. Away from Family & Social Life In Wildlife Biology, "Away from Family & Social Life" refers to the extended periods professionals spend in remote field locations, often isolated from loved ones and regular social interactions. This challenge is demanding because it tests emotional endurance, disrupts personal relationships, and can lead to feelings of loneliness and disconnection from support networks. The necessity to work in distant, sometimes inhospitable environments means wildlife biologists often miss significant family events and struggle to maintain friendships. This isolation can affect mental well-being, job satisfaction, and overall productivity. Resilience becomes essential, as professionals must adapt to solitude and find ways to stay connected despite physical distance. Many successful wildlife biologists proactively schedule regular virtual check-ins with family, cultivate strong bonds with field colleagues, and engage in hobbies that can be pursued remotely. By building a sense of community within their teams and leveraging technology for communication, they manage to balance their passion for wildlife with the need for social connection, ultimately sustaining both their careers and personal lives. Consider a wildlife biologist stationed for months in a remote rainforest to monitor endangered species. Despite limited internet access and long days in the field, she maintains weekly video calls with her family, sharing stories and updates. She also organizes evening gatherings with her research team, fostering camaraderie and mutual support. During downtime, she writes a blog to connect with friends and the broader scientific community, turning her isolation into an opportunity for outreach and reflection. Through these efforts, she not only copes with being away from loved ones but also enriches her professional and personal life, demonstrating that meaningful connections can thrive even in the most challenging circumstances. Lack of Funds Lack of funds in wildlife biology refers to the persistent shortage of financial resources needed for research, fieldwork, equipment, and conservation initiatives. This challenge is demanding because it limits the scope and impact of scientific projects, restricts access to essential tools, and often threatens the continuity of critical conservation efforts. Insufficient funding in wildlife biology can significantly hinder daily operations, from limiting the ability to purchase necessary equipment to restricting travel for field studies and reducing opportunities for collaboration. This financial constraint often forces professionals to make difficult choices about which projects to prioritize, sometimes at the expense of important conservation work. The constant need to secure grants or alternative funding sources demands resilience, adaptability, and creativity. Successful professionals often navigate this challenge by building strong networks, collaborating with other organizations, and seeking diverse funding streams such as partnerships, crowdfunding, or community engagement. They also learn to maximize available resources, streamline project goals, and demonstrate the value of their work to attract further investment. Consider a wildlife biologist studying endangered amphibians in a remote region with minimal funding. Facing a lack of resources for travel and equipment, the biologist partners with a local university and leverages student volunteers to assist with fieldwork. By collaborating with community members, the biologist gains access to local knowledge and logistical support, reducing costs. Additionally, the biologist launches a small crowdfunding campaign to raise money for essential supplies, while sharing project updates and findings through social media to maintain public interest and support. Through resourcefulness, collaboration, and effective communication, the biologist successfully advances the research despite financial limitations, demonstrating how determination and strategic partnerships can overcome funding obstacles in wildlife biology. A Day Of Wildlife Biology The world of wildlife biology is anything but routine. Each day unfolds in the unpredictable theater of nature, where the hum of early morning insects replaces the buzz of office chatter and the “desk” might be a dew-soaked meadow, a dense forest, or the banks of a winding river. Wildlife biologists move with the rhythms of the natural world, their workdays shaped by the habits of the creatures they study and the shifting moods of the environment. The pace is a blend of quiet observation and bursts of activity, demanding both patience and quick thinking as professionals navigate the delicate balance between scientific rigor and the wild unpredictability of their subjects. As the first light creeps over the horizon, a wildlife biologist’s day begins with careful preparation. Before heading into the field, there’s a meticulous review of research plans, weather conditions, and safety protocols. Equipment is checked and calibrated—GPS units, binoculars, data sheets, and camera traps are packed with precision. This early hour is also a time for reviewing notes from previous days, ensuring that every detail is fresh and every hypothesis is clear before stepping into the living laboratory of the outdoors. By mid-morning, the heart of the workday is underway. Wildlife biologists are deep in their chosen habitats, tracking animal movements, collecting samples, and recording observations. This is the most dynamic and demanding phase, requiring keen senses and adaptability. Whether tagging birds, monitoring camera traps, or conducting population surveys, the work is hands-on and often physically challenging. Every rustle in the undergrowth or distant call could be a vital data point, and the biologist must be alert, patient, and ready to seize fleeting opportunities to observe elusive species in their natural environment. As the sun climbs higher, the focus shifts to collaboration and execution. The afternoon may bring the team together to discuss findings, troubleshoot equipment, or strategize for the next phase of research. Data collected in the morning is reviewed and preliminary analyses are conducted, sometimes in makeshift field labs or back at a research station. This period is also a time for outreach, perhaps meeting with local landowners, park rangers, or conservation partners to share insights and coordinate efforts. The exchange of ideas and expertise is crucial, fueling both the science and the sense of shared purpose that drives wildlife biology. As the day winds down, wildlife biologists turn their attention to documentation and planning. Field notes are transcribed, digital data is uploaded, and initial reports are drafted to capture the day’s discoveries while details are still vivid. Administrative tasks, such as updating research logs and responding to emails, are balanced with reviewing goals for the next day. This quieter, reflective phase is essential for ensuring that each day’s work builds toward broader scientific understanding and conservation impact, setting the stage for tomorrow’s adventures in the wild.

Install the LifePage App to:

(for Free) Watch Scientist G Dr S P Goyal’s full Wildlife Biology Career Talk

₹ Do a Self Assessment on Wildlife Biology to calculate your Dream Index, which is defined as:

According to Dr S P Goyal your chances of success in Wildlife Biology is __%

Access your personalized Dream Index Report which will have all your Dream Indices sorted in descending order.

How to get into

Wildlife Biology?

If you are want to get into Wildlife Biology, start by investing in a Career Plan.

The 14 hour process, guided by a LifePage Career Advisor, will help you introspect and check whether your interest in Wildlife Biology is merely an infatuation or is it truly something you wish to do for the rest of your life.

Next, your Career Advisor will help you document how you can get into Wildlife Biology, what education and skills you need to succeed in Wildlife Biology, and what positives and challenges you will face in Wildlife Biology.

Finally, you will get a Career Plan stating which Courses, Certifications, Trainings and other Items you need to do in the next 7 years to become world’s best in Wildlife Biology.

LifePage Career Plan

14 hour personalized guidance program

Your LifePage Career Advisor facilitates your guided introspection so that you systematically explore various Career options to arrive at a well thought out Career choice.

Next: your Advisor helps you figure out how you will get into your chosen Career and how will you develop the skills needed for success in your Chosen Career.

LifePage Plan will not stop at saying "to become an Architect study Architecture". It will guide you on which Certifications, Trainings and Other items you need to do along with your Architecture education to become the world's best Architect.

Links for this Talk

Scientist G Dr S P Goyal's LifePage:

[LifePage]
https://www.lifepage.in/page/spgoyal

LifePage Career Talk on Wildlife Biology

[Career]
https://www.lifepage.in/careers/wildlife-biology-2

[Full Talk]
https://lifepage.app.link/20180827-0002

[Trailer]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cg84bt3aSrE

(Wildlife Biology, Dr S P Goyal, Wildlife Institute of India, WII, Scientist G, Ecologist, Ecology, Biologist, Biology, Wild Animals, Wildlife, Scientists, Entomology, Ornithology, Marine Biology, Limnology)

Similar Talks

Wildlife Biology

Suniti Bushan Datta
Wildlife Biologist | Varied Assignments

[ 16 years & 9 months Experience ]

Wildlife biology is the study of wild animals and how they interact with their natural surroundings.

"After completing my graduation, I worked as a wild life guide in South India.Then I did my masters in Wildlife Science from Wildlife Institute of India. I have been working as a Wildlife Biologist since 2002."

Wildlife Conservation & Science

Dr Yadvendradev Jhala
Scientist G & Senior Professor | Wildlife Institute of India

[ 25 years & 9 months Experience ]

Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitat. Wildlife plays an important role in balancing the environment and provides stability to different natural processes of nature.

"I have done B Sc in Zoology and M Sc in Animal Physiology from University of Bombay. I then did Wildlife Conservation and Management Training Program at the Conservation and Research Center, Smithsonian Institution, USA. Post that I did Ph D in Wildlife Science from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. I have also been a Post-doctoral Research Fellow at the National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, USA. I have been a Lecturer of Zoology at St Xavier's College. I have also been a FAO Consultant in Sri Lanka for training Park Managers in Wildlife Science and Management. I am Scientist G and Senior professor at Wildlife Institute of India."

Wildlife Research

Roshan Puranik
Ecological & Wildlife Researcher | Global Tiger Forum

[ 7 years Experience ]

Wildlife Research covers all major aspects of the ecology, management and conservation of wild animals in natural and modified habitats. A wide variety of wildlife is used in research (including mammals, birds, reptiles, fishes, amphibians and invertebrates) in studies aimed at understanding species behaviour and ecology.

"I have Graduated in Pharmacy from PES College, Bangalore. Then done my masters in Wildlife Management from Kuvempu University, Karnataka . I have been working in the research field for the past 4 years. I have studied about Tigers for almost 3 years now. I did my Masters in Pharmacy. Work as a Research Associate at Global Tiger Forum."

Landscape Ecology

Gautam Talukdar
Scientist | Wildlife Institute Of India

[ 19 years & 7 months Experience ]

Landscape ecology is the science of studying and improving relationships between ecological processes in the environment and particular ecosystems. This is done within a variety of landscape scales, development spatial patterns, and organizational levels of research and policy

"I did my graduation from Dukhane College, Maharashtra. Then did my post graduation in Botany from the Institute of India. Finally did my PhD from Indian Institute of Remote Sensing. I am working as a Scientist in Wildlife Institute of India since 1999."

Wildlife Biology

Suresh Kumar
Scientist (E) | Wildlife Institute of India

[ 23 years & 10 months Experience ]

A wildlife biologist is someone who studies and/or manages wild animals and their habitats. Wildlife biology as an academic subject or profession is usually narrowly defined as applying to terrestrial vertebrates.

"I have done Bachelors in Chemistry, Botany & Zoology. I then did a Masters in Wildlife Science and Ph D in Olive Ridley Sea Turtle from Wildlife Institute of India. I am also researching on Amur Falcon. I am working at Wildlife Institute of India since 1995 and am a Scientist (E) there."

Ecological Research

Naveen Chandra Joshi
Project Scientist | Wildlife Institute Of India

[ 2 years Experience ]

Ecological research is the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.

"I did my schooling from Kendriya Vidyalaya , Haridwar. After that I did my post graduation in Zoology from HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar. Then I did my PhD from Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar. I am working as a Project Scientist in Wildlife Institute of India since 2015."

Marine Biology

Anant Pande
Project Scientist | Wildlife Institute of India

[ 9 years & 7 months Experience ]

Marine biology is the study of marine organisms, their behaviors and interactions with the environment. Marine biologists study biological oceanography and the associated fields of chemical, physical, and geological oceanography to understand marine organisms.

"After completing B Sc in Zoology with specialization in Fishery Biology and M Sc in Zoology with specialization in Oceanography, I started working as a Project Assistant at National Institute of Oceanography. I was also selected as a student participant in Indian Antarctic Expedition. I am Project Scientist at Wildlife Institute of India."

Wildlife Conservation

Disha Ramanan
Research Assistant & Content Writer | Various Assignments

[ 7 years & 1 month Experience ]

Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant, animal species and their habitat. Wildlife plays an important role in balancing the ecosystem and provides stability to different natural processes of nature. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans and other species alike.

"After my education, I started working on Wildlife Conservation. I have worked on many wildlife research projects in many states like in Assam, Uttarakhand , Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka and Kerala."

Evolutionary Biology

Vishnupriya Kolipakam
Scientist C | Wildlife Institute of India

[ 5 years & 7 months Experience ]

Evolutionary biology is the subfield of biology that studies the evolutionary processes that produced the diversity of life on Earth, starting from a single common ancestor. These processes include natural selection, common descent, and speciation.

"I have done B Sc in Biotechnology) from Bharathiar University and M Sc in Bioscience from University of Leads, UK. I then did Ph D in Evolutionary Biology from Maxplanck Institute, Germany & Netherlands. I am a population geneticist with a strong interest in Evolutionary Biology, Molecular Anthropology and Conservation Genetics. For my PhD from Max Planck Institute (Nijmegen), I looked at incorporating information on genes, language and culture in a consilient framework towards a holistic approach to understanding pre-history. I used population genetic modelling, coalescent simulations, forward simulation techniques and phylogenetics to understand the pre-history of Polynesian and Dravidian Societies. My research interests are largely interdisciplinary, working at the interface of evolutionary biology, anthropology and conservation biology. I worked on the mitochondrial DNA stratigraphy of Islands of Southeast Asia (University of Leeds, United Kingdom), population genetics of northeastern hill tribes, and molecular ecology of large carnivores(National Centre for Biological Sciences , Bangalore), and the anthropological and evolutionary nature of perceptions of human wildlife conflict in semi-arid areas of India, (Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science). I have been associated with the Monitoring Tigers, Co-Predators, Prey and their Habitat project here at the Wildlife Institute. My role was to lead the genetic component of the project, wherein we used molecular techniques to understand the genetic diversity of large carnivores across the country. I continue to contribute to this aspect of the project. I am currently associated with projects investigating the population genetic structure of large carnivores, characterization of genetic diversity of Asiatic lions, and population genetic characteristics and phylogeography of the Gangetic river dolphin. My interest lies in exploring the evolutionary trajectories of biological systems, adaptive functions and their consequences, and the use of this information in making scientifically sound conservation interventions. I am specialized in Evolutionary Biology, Population Genetics, Phylogenetics, and Molecular Anthropology. I am Scientist C and Faculty at Wildlife Institute of India."

Conservation Genetics

Shweta Singh
Senior Research Fellow | Wildlife Institute of India

[ 5 years & 8 months Experience ]

Conservation genetics is an interdisciplinary subfield of Population Genetics that aims to understand the dynamics of genes in populations principally to avoid extinction. Therefore, it applies genetic methods to the conservation and restoration of biodiversity.

"After completing my B Sc & M Sc in Zoology from Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, I joined Wildlife Institute of India (WII) in 2013 in All India Tiger Monitoring Project. I am working in Genetic Connectivity of Large Carnivores and I am a Senior Research Fellow at WII."

Sustainability Consulting

Alok Gupta
Founder & CEO | Envecologic

[ 1 year & 7 months Experience ]

Sustainability consultancy entails providing innovative and smart strategies to businesses on how to make their products sustainable (usually in an ecological sense) for example, providing advice on engineering challenges to meet modern-day building standards and norms such as the LEED Green Building Rating System. Sustainability consultants might also advise a business on how to achieve carbon neutrality.

"After completing my education, I joined Boston Strategies International, a US-based company, where I served as Energy Economist & Country Representative. In December 2012, I started my own venture, Envecologic, which focuses on education & training, research and advisory services in the areas of environmental sustainability."

Wildlife Crime

Abdullah A Sadique
Wildlife Inspector | Bangladesh Forest Department

[ 6 years & 10 months Experience ]

Wildlife crime is an area of study typically defined from a legalistic perspective as an act in contravention of laws protecting wildlife. These crimes occur both within and across national borders and may include trafficking in wildlife or wildlife products.

"After completing my masters I started working as Wildlife Inspector to safeguard the wildlife and biodiversity. I am currently working in Bangladesh Forest Department."

Ecotoxicology

Anju Baroth
Scientist C | Wildlife Institute of India

[ 11 years & 9 months Experience ]

Ecotoxicology is the study of the effects of toxic chemicals on biological organisms, especially at the population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels. Ecotoxicology is a multidisciplinary field, which integrates toxicology and ecology.

"I did B Sc in Botany, Zoology & Chemistry and M Sc in Environmental Science from University of Rajasthan. I then did a Ph D in Environmental Toxicology. I joined General Electric as Toxicity Expert and worked for 2 years. I then moved to General Elastic Plastics as Life Cycle and Sustainability Expert and worked for 5 years. I am an Ecotoxicologist and Scientist C at Wildlife Institute of India."

Conservation Genetics

Dr S K Gupta
Scientist E | Wildlife Institute of India

[ 16 years & 7 months Experience ]

Conservation genetics is an interdisciplinary subfield of Population Genetics that aims to understand the dynamics of genes in populations principally to avoid extinction. Therefore, it applies genetic methods to the conservation and restoration of biodiversity.

"After completing B Sc in Botany, Zoology & Chemistry, I did Masters in Biotechnology from Meerut. Post that, I did Ph D in Wildlife Science from Saurashtra University. After that, I then worked as a Scientist at Dr Surapaneni Genomic Solutions for 2 years. I joined Wildlife Institute of India in 2008 as a Scientist C and am now I am a Scientist E."

Ecological Conservation

Dr Harshwanti Bisht
Deputy Director | Directorate of Higher Education

[ 41 years Experience ]

Ecological Conservation is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions.

"I am a mountaineer. In 1981, I along with two other women became the first three women to summit the main peak of Nanda Devi (7,816 m). I was also a member of the Indian expedition to Mount Everest in 1984 and was awarded the Arjuna Award and Directorate of Higher Education, Government of UP Gold Medal. I am the Founder of Save Gangotri Project. I was awarded the Sir Edmund Hillary Medal for my philanthropic achievements and work to improve conditions in the Gangotri area of Uttarakhand, at the headwaters of the Ganges over the past 25 years. I am Deputy Director (Higher education) & Joint Director (RUSA) and actively working for the eco-conservation of Gangotri in Garhwal Himalaya."

Biodiversity Conservation

Ruchi Badola
Scientist G & Senior Professor | Wildlife Institute of India

[ 25 years & 7 months Experience ]

Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions.

"After completing B A & M A in Economics, I did Ph D in Economics from Jiwaji University. After that, I joined Wildlife Institute of India in 1993 and have been there for 25 years now. I am Scientist G & Senior Professor there."

High Altitude Ecology

S Sathyakumar
Scientist G | Wildlife Institute of India

[ 30 years & 7 months Experience ]

Ecology & Conservation is the branch of ecology and evolutionary biology that deals with the preservation and management of biodiversity and natural resources. It's goal is to find ways to conserve species, habitats, landscapes, and ecosystems as quickly, as efficiently, and as economically as possible.

"After completing B Sc in Zoology and M Sc in Wildlife Biology, I joined Wildlife Institute of India in 1988 as a Research Fellow. I then decided to pursue Ph D in Wildlife Science. I have experience of studying animals in Himachal Pradesh, J&K, and Sikkim & Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh. I am a Scientist G at WII."

Natural Resource Management

K Ramesh
Scientist | Wildlife Institute of India

[ 23 years & 7 months Experience ]

Natural resource management refers to the management of natural resources such as land, water, soil, plants and animals, with a particular focus on how management affects the quality of life for both present and future generations.

"I have a Master's degree in Wildlife Biology from AVC College (Bharathidasan University), Tamil Nadu and a Ph D degree in Forest Ecology and Environment from Wildlife Institute of India (a Research Center of Forest Research Institute University, Dehradun). I have been working with WII since 1995; earlier as Research Fellow and joined the faculty in 2008. Prior to joining the faculty, I was with the World Pheasant Association-UK as a Post Doctoral Fellow for four years (2005-2008), undertaking a collaborative research project with WII on pheasants and partridges in northwest India. My professional interests include Landscape Ecology, Remote Sensing and GIS, Quantitative Methods, Species Distribution Models, Biostatistics, Radio-Telemetry, Wildlife Population Estimation and Monitoring. I have research and conservation experiences on birds and mammals of the Western Himalaya, Shivalik-Terai Landscape and Central India. Presently involved in diversity of projects that include Reintroduction and Monitoring of Tiger Population in Panna Tiger Reserve (Madhya Pradesh), Conservation Breeding and Reintroduction of Western Tragopan in Himachal Pradesh, Application of Wireless Sensor Networks for Forest and People Protection, Integration UAV (Drone) for wildlife research and management, and Climate Change Effects on Riverine Forests and Indicator Species along the Ganges. I have been a member of IUCN/SSC/Galliformes Specialist Group, International Association for Landscape Ecology, International Society for Restoration Ecology, etc. In addition to Gold Medal for my Graduation as well as Post-Graduation Courses, I received prestigious Distinguished Foreign Scholar Award by the US Regional Association of the International Association for Landscape Ecology and NASA-MSU Professional Enhancement Award by National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and Michigan State University, USA. I have traveled widely and am interested in sports."

Plant Ecology & Conservation

Dr G S Rawat
Dean | Wildlife Institute of India

[ 34 years & 9 months Experience ]

Plant ecology is a subdiscipline of ecology which studies the distribution and abundance of plants, the effects of environmental factors upon the abundance of plants, and the interactions among and between plants and other organisms. Conservation is the preservation or efficient use of resources in an efficient or ethical manner.

"I did Bachelors and Masters in Botany from Kumaon University, Nainital. I also did Ph D in Taxonomy & Ethnobotany from the same college. I taught Plant Ecology and Taxonomy at Kumaon University. I also served at Botanical Survey of India for some time. I joined Wildlife Institute of India in 1986 as a Professor and have held various positions at the Institute since then. I am Dean at Wildlife Institute of India."

Ecology & Conservation

Raman Kumar
Ecologist | Nature Science Initiative

[ 17 years & 10 months Experience ]

Ecology is the branch of biology which studies the interactions among organisms and their environment. Objects of study include interactions of organisms with each other and with abiotic components of their environment.

"After completing my graduation from HNB Garhwal University, I did post graduation from FRI, Dehradun. After that, I did my PhD from Manipal University. In 2001, I started working as an ecologist and since then I have been working for various institutions and projects."

Sustainability & LCA

Anju Baroth
Lead Engineer | General Electric

[ 9 years Experience ]

Sustainability is the process of change, in which the exploitation of resources, the direction of investments, the orientation of technological development and institutional change are all in harmony and enhance both current and future potential to meet human needs and aspirations. Life-cycle assessment is a technique to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life from raw material extraction through materials processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or recycling.

"I did B Sc in Botany, Zoology & Chemistry and M Sc in Environmental Science from University of Rajasthan. I then did a Ph D in Environmental Toxicology. I joined General Electric as Toxicity Expert and worked for 2 years. I then moved to General Elastic Plastics as Life Cycle and Sustainability Expert and worked for 5 years. I am an Ecotoxicologist and Scientist C at Wildlife Institute of India."