Cardiac Surgery

Dr Kishor Joshi | Senior Consultant & HoD | Fortis Escorts Heart Institute

What is Cardiac Surgery?

A Career in Cardiac Surgery is very interesting. Internet is brimming with pages on How to get into Cardiac Surgery, while one should first understand What is a Career in Cardiac Surgery. The internet is a great source of information on Cardiac Surgery, but it is second best to learning about the same from a real professional.

Senior Consultant & HoD Dr Kishor Joshi has worked in Cardiac Surgery for 15 years. According to Senior Consultant & HoD Dr Kishor Joshi, Cardiac Surgery is:

Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. It is often used to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, with coronary artery bypass grafting); to correct congenital heart disease; or to treat valvular heart disease from various causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation.

How Senior Consultant & HoD Dr Kishor Joshi got into Cardiac Surgery?

After doing my MBBS from Institute of Medical Sciences from Vijayanagar, I did MS from JIPMER, Pondicherry. Thereafter, I did M Ch, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery from AIIMS and did fellowship in Congenital Heart Surgery from Medical College of Carolina. I have worked in various hospitals as a Cardiac Surgeon and have been working at Fortis Escorts Hospital, Dehradun as a Senior Consultant & Head of Department since 2016.

Senior Consultant & HoD Dr Kishor Joshi's Talk on Cardiac Surgery

The Life of a Cardiac Surgeon: An Insightful Journey Becoming a cardiac surgeon is an extraordinary journey that combines years of rigorous education, specialized skills, and an inherent passion for medicine. Dr. Kishore Joshi, a seasoned cardiac surgeon with experience in adult and congenital heart surgery, eloquently shares his insights into the career path, the skills needed, and the challenges often faced in this demanding field. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of cardiac surgery through Dr. Joshi’s experiences and insights, making it clear why this profession, despite its hurdles, can be immensely rewarding. What Is Cardiac Surgery? Understanding Cardiac Surgery Cardiac surgery is a specialized area within the medical field focused on surgical procedures that address heart diseases and conditions. These can include open heart surgeries, where doctors directly operate on the heart, and bypass surgeries aimed at treating coronary artery disease. As Dr. Joshi explains, open heart surgery encompasses both adult valvular surgery and repairs of congenital defects. It is a crucial field that focuses on life-saving procedures for patients with serious heart conditions. The significance of cardiac surgery cannot be overstated; it literally saves lives by correcting abnormalities or blockages in the heart. For instance, a coronary artery bypass surgery can significantly extend a patient’s life by restoring normal blood flow. Dr. Joshi’s extensive training has equipped him with the knowledge and skills to perform these complex procedures, reflecting the lifesaving potential of cardiac surgical interventions. Education Life Sciences A strong foundation in life sciences is essential for anyone aspiring to become a cardiac surgeon. Beginning with courses in biology during high school, this interest often leads students through a rigorous educational pathway leading to medical school. Dr. Joshi notes that studying subjects like physics and chemistry also aids in understanding complex bodily systems and surgical techniques. This educational groundwork is crucial as it not only prepares aspiring surgeons academically but also cultivates critical thinking and problem-solving skills necessary for the field. In today’s competitive medical environment, having a thorough background in life sciences provides a significant advantage when entering medical school. General Surgery After completing an MBBS degree, prospective cardiac surgeons must undergo general surgery training, which typically lasts three years. Dr. Joshi completed his residency in this area, where he honed both his surgical skills and understanding of broader medical practices that apply to cardiac health. General surgery serves as a vital stepping stone as it encompasses a variety of surgical procedures, giving young surgeons an exhaustive understanding of surgical principles and patient care. This phase of education is particularly critical, enabling future cardiac surgeons to develop decision-making capabilities essential for tackling complex cases. Cardiac Surgery To specialize in cardiac surgery, one must follow additional training that dives deeper into thoracic and cardiovascular procedures. Dr. Joshi undertook a three-year program in cardiac surgery and later pursued a fellowship in congenital heart surgery. This extensive training ensures that surgeons are well-equipped with the skills and knowledge necessary for executing delicate heart operations. The specialized training in cardiac surgery fosters expertise in the unique challenges faced in this field, which includes exceptional technical skills and a profound understanding of cardiac anatomy. This crucial phase shapes one into a competent surgeon who can address both adult and pediatric heart conditions with confidence. Skills Good with Your Hands Skillful hands are at the heart of effective surgical practice. Dr. Joshi emphasizes the importance of dexterity in performing intricate heart surgeries that require precision and control. The ability to manipulate delicate instruments in a confined space can significantly influence the surgical outcome. In cardiac surgery, minor mistakes can have monumental consequences, which is why being "good with your hands" is non-negotiable. This skill develops over years of practice and experience, enabling surgeons to perform complex maneuvers that can save lives. Decision Making Decision-making is another vital skill for cardiac surgeons, as they are often required to make quick and informed choices during surgery. Dr. Joshi highlights that this skill involves understanding patient symptoms and needs, combined with a robust knowledge base for determining the best course of action. Effective decision-making during surgery can significantly impact patient outcomes. Surgeons may face unexpected challenges during procedures, and the ability to think on one's feet is essential. For example, if a surgeon encounters excessive bleeding, they must rapidly assess the situation and decide how to proceed without compromising patient safety. Compassion & Empathy Surgeons deal directly with patients' lives, and thus compassion and empathy are paramount. Dr. Joshi shares that effective communication and emotional intelligence enhance the surgeon-patient relationship, which plays a critical role in patient satisfaction and recovery. Understanding that patients are anxious during surgical procedures allows surgeons to address their fears and provide reassurance. A compassionate approach fosters a supportive environment, encouraging patients to engage with their care more actively. Patience In the highly stressful environment of surgery, patience becomes an essential trait. Dr. Joshi notes that surgeries can be lengthy and challenging, sometimes lasting up to 14 hours. Maintaining patience not only helps in managing complex surgical tasks but also in working collaboratively with the entire surgical team. Surgeons must remain calm and composed, especially when facing complications. Such resilience helps to uphold quality and precision in their work, which is vital in ensuring a successful procedure. Concentration Skills The nature of cardiac surgery demands high levels of concentration and stamina. As Dr. Joshi points out, surgeries can be incredibly taxing on the mind and body, requiring surgeons to focus intently for extended periods. Maintaining concentration fosters better outcomes and minimizes errors during complex operations. Long hours stand as both a challenge and an expectation, necessitating a high degree of focus. A distracted surgeon can significantly increase risks during surgery; therefore, developing superior concentration skills is crucial for any aspiring cardiac surgeon. Continuous Medical Education In a constantly evolving field like cardiac surgery, ongoing education is non-negotiable. Dr. Joshi emphasizes that staying updated with the latest research, tools, and techniques is fundamental to providing high-quality care. Continuous education contributes to improved surgical outcomes and enhances the surgeon's ability to respond effectively to new challenges. Surgeons often engage in workshops, conferences, and additional training throughout their careers to stay informed about infrastructural advancements and emerging techniques in the field. This knowledge helps to improve practices and patient outcomes consistently. Biofeedback Biofeedback refers to the process of using one’s own physiological responses as a learning tool. Dr. Joshi highlights its value, noting that it encourages surgeons to reflect on their performance and improve their techniques. By understanding their strengths and areas needing improvement, surgeons can enhance their skills significantly. This self-awareness allows cardiac surgeons to appreciate their progress while remaining vigilant about challenges, creating a cycle of improvement that is vital in high-stakes surgical settings. Attention to Detail Attention to detail is perhaps one of the most critical skills for a cardiac surgeon. With precision being paramount in surgeries, even minor oversights can have catastrophic consequences. Dr. Joshi stresses that surgeons must meticulously consider every step throughout the surgical process. For example, improper suturing or overlooking a small bleed can lead to significant postoperative complications. Hence, the ability to focus on the minutiae while understanding the broader surgical context becomes essential for success in cardiac surgery. Team Work Cardiac surgery isn't a solitary endeavor; it requires a cohesive team to perform complex procedures. Dr. Joshi underscores the importance of teamwork, where surgeons collaborate with anesthetists, perfusionists, and nurses to ensure a seamless operation. Every member plays a crucial role in the patient's surgical experience, and strong teamwork can greatly enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of surgical interventions. For instance, a well-coordinated team can handle potential complications more adeptly, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes. Positives Immense Satisfaction One of the most gratifying aspects of working as a cardiac surgeon is the immense satisfaction that comes from helping patients. Dr. Joshi reflects that nothing compares to the fulfillment derived from successfully performing a surgery that relieves a patient’s suffering and prolongs their life. Witnessing patients recover and thrive after procedures can evoke profound emotional rewards for surgeons. The impact of saving lives is transformative—not only for patients and their families but also for the surgeons involved. Relieving Suffering A cardiac surgeon's work directly addresses serious health grievances, alleviating suffering associated with heart conditions. Dr. Joshi emphasizes that the ability to transform a patient's life dramatically enhances his motivation to continue in this demanding field. Relieving suffering extends beyond physical health; it also improves patients' emotional well-being. For many patients, a successful surgery can restore hope and improve their quality of life, reinforcing the importance of this profession. Saving Life There is an unparalleled nobility in saving lives. Dr. Joshi articulates that the responsibility of performing life-saving surgeries instills a sense of purpose in his work. The knowledge that one's skills can significantly affect someone else's fate offers a deep sense of pride. Each successful surgical intervention embodies a victory over illness and a testament to medical science's capabilities. This aspect underscores the transformative nature of cardiac surgery, where every operation has the potential to offer a new lease on life. Challenges Long Years of Study One of the most formidable challenges in becoming a cardiac surgeon is the extensive educational journey that spans nearly two decades. Dr. Joshi notes that many peers may settle into their careers while aspiring cardiac surgeons are still in training, which can be psychologically taxing. This long commitment can deter those who seek quicker career trajectories. However, the intensive study ultimately equips surgeons with the necessary expertise to provide high-quality care. Long Working Hours Cardiac surgery demands numerous hours of dedicated work, often exceeding the typical 40-hour workweek. As Dr. Joshi mentions, he frequently engages in surgeries that last ten hours or more without breaks. Such a demanding schedule can lead to fatigue if not managed effectively. This aspect of the profession requires resilience and adaptability, with surgeons often having to balance their personal lives while meeting the obligations of their demanding careers. Finding ways to prioritize mental health and wellness is crucial for success in such a high-intensity field. Highly Demanding The intricate nature of cardiac surgery means that surgeons need to deal with high stress levels and remain composed under pressure. Dr. Joshi reflects on the mental demand placed on cardiac surgeons, who need to navigate unpredictable situations whilst maintaining focus on their surgeries. The high stakes involved often call for surgeons to be constantly on their toes, requiring exceptional performance during each procedure. The cumulative stress from patient outcomes can be significant, making it essential for surgeons to develop effective coping mechanisms. A Day In the Life of a Cardiac Surgeon Cardiac Surgeon’s Typical Day A day in the life of a cardiac surgeon is never dull, often filled with high-stakes surgeries and significant responsibilities. Dr. Joshi details that on a typical day, he may engage in complex operations lasting well into the night. For instance, one of his days involved a 14-hour surgery, showcasing the length and intensity associated with such procedures. After completing surgeries, the responsibility doesn’t cease; surgeons must also check on patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and participate in follow-up appointments. This demanding schedule illustrates the commitment required in this profession, where the pursuit of excellence and patient well-being shapes every decision made throughout the day. Through it all, Dr. Joshi finds immense happiness in his career, often reflecting on why he chose this path. The satisfaction derived from saving lives and alleviating suffering remains the cornerstone of his dedication to cardiac surgery, and it continues to inspire others within the field. Conclusion The pathway to becoming a cardiac surgeon is fraught with challenges, dedication, and resilience. As illustrated by Dr. Kishore Joshi's experiences, the journey is long and demanding, requiring a commitment to continuous learning and self-improvement. Yet, the rewards—relieving suffering, saving lives, and the immense satisfaction that accompanies successful surgeries—make all the struggles worthwhile. For those with a passion for medicine and a desire to make a lasting impact, cardiac surgery represents not just a career, but a profound calling.

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How to get into

Cardiac Surgery?

If you are want to get into Cardiac Surgery, start by investing in a Career Plan.

The 14 hour process, guided by a LifePage Career Advisor, will help you introspect and check whether your interest in Cardiac Surgery is merely an infatuation or is it truly something you wish to do for the rest of your life.

Next, your Career Advisor will help you document how you can get into Cardiac Surgery, what education and skills you need to succeed in Cardiac Surgery, and what positives and challenges you will face in Cardiac Surgery.

Finally, you will get a Career Plan stating which Courses, Certifications, Trainings and other Items you need to do in the next 7 years to become world’s best in Cardiac Surgery.

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Your LifePage Career Advisor facilitates your guided introspection so that you systematically explore various Career options to arrive at a well thought out Career choice.

Next: your Advisor helps you figure out how you will get into your chosen Career and how will you develop the skills needed for success in your Chosen Career.

LifePage Plan will not stop at saying "to become an Architect study Architecture". It will guide you on which Certifications, Trainings and Other items you need to do along with your Architecture education to become the world's best Architect.

Links for this Talk

Senior Consultant & HoD Dr Kishor Joshi's LifePage:

[LifePage]
https://www.lifepage.in/page/drkishorjoshi

LifePage Career Talk on Cardiac Surgery

[Career]
https://www.lifepage.in/careers/cardiac-surgery

[Full Talk]
https://lifepage.app.link/20180106-0002

[Trailer]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSBRJk60VhQ

(Cardiac Surgeon, Dr Kishor Joshi, Fortis Escorts Heart Institute, Doctor, Cardiology, Heart Surgeon, Cardiovascular Surgery, Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Medicine, Valve Repair Techniques, Congenital Heart, Cardiothoracic surgery)

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Orthopaedic surgery or orthopaedics is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. Orthopaedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma, spine diseases, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors, and congenital disorders.

"Since childhood I was deeply passionate about orthopaedics since that my father and grandparents have been practising orthopaedic surgeons. After school, I pursued an MBBS degree from Manipal and a Masters in Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery from Ludhiana. Since July 2017, I have been practising as a Senior Resident in the Department of Orthopaedics at AIIMS, Rishikesh."

General & Laparoscopic Surgery

Dr Puneet Tyagi
Consultant Surgeon | VelMed Hospital

[ 3 years Experience ]

Laparoscopic surgery is also known as a key-hole surgery or minimally invasive surgery. It is widely used in gynaecology, gastroenterology and urology. Patients receive specialised assessment, latest treatments along with clinical post-operative care, medications and a regular follow-up.

"After completing my education, I started practicing as a Consultant Surgeon and in 2018, I joined Velmad Hospital as a Consultant Surgeon (General & Laparoscopic Surgery)."

Plastic Surgery

Dr Yogi Aeron
Director | Outreach Centre of Resurge Int

[ 48 years Experience ]

Plastic surgery is a surgical specialty involving the restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body. It can be divided into two main categories: reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery. Reconstructive surgery includes craniofacial surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. While reconstructive surgery aims to reconstruct a part of the body or improve its functioning, cosmetic (or aesthetic) surgery aims at improving the appearance of it.

"After completing my specialization in plastic surgery, I started working as a Plastic Surgeon. I have been working since 1967, treating various patients for burns and other problems. I am currently the director of the outreach centre of Resurge International as well."

Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Dr Anuradha Sharma
Consultant Gynaecologist & Obstetrician | Dr. Anuradha's Clinic

[ 31 years & 11 months Experience ]

Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN) is the branch of medical science that deal with the female reproductive system. Obstetrics deals with pregnancy and Gynecology deals with all the non-pregnancy issues as well. Specialized education and training helps an obstetrician in the management of pregnancy, labour, and the time immediately following childbirth, whereas a gynecologist is a physician who is trained to diagnose and treat disorders related to the female reproductive system.

"After completing my schooling from Carmel Convent School Gwalior, I did my MBBS in 1982 & MS (Obstetrics & Gynaecology) in 1985 from Gajraj Raja Medical College. Thereafter, I did my Residency programme from Moolchand Hospital and worked for a year at AIIMS. Later, I worked as a Consultant Gynecologist & Obstetrician with various Hospitals like Sunrise Hospital, Maheshwari Clinic and others. I have expertise in High risk Obstetrics, Antenatal, Infertility Surgery, etc. In 1990, I started my own clinic in Sarita Vihar, Delhi. I am also a member of Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India (FOGSI), Association of Obstetricians & Gynecologists of Delhi (AOGD) and Delhi Medical Association (DMA)."

ENT

Dr Anil Chauhan
ENT Consultant | VelMed Hospital

[ 16 years Experience ]

ENT Specialist deals within medicine that deals with conditions of the ear, nose, and throat and related structures of the head and neck. Doctors who specialize in this area are called otorhinolaryngologists, otolaryngologists, ENT doctors, ENT surgeons, or head and neck surgeons.

"After completing my MBBS & MS, I started working as an ENT physician. In 2018, I joined VelMed Hospital as an ENT Consultant."

Internal Medicine

Prem Narayan
Consultant | VelMed Hospital

[ 10 years & 3 months Experience ]

Internal Medicine encompasses the care of all adults, healthy and sick. Internists can be generalists or subspecialists, like cardiologists or rheumatologists. Patients with multiple problems and medications would typically be seen by an internist.

"I did my MBBS & MD from KGMC Lucknow after which I started practicing Internal Medicine. In 2018, I joined Velmed Hospital, Dehradun as an Internal Medicine Consultant."

Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgery

Dr Manish Meswani
Senior Consultant | VelMed Hospital

[ 22 years & 1 month Experience ]

Cardiovascular surgery is surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. It is often used to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, with coronary artery bypass grafting); to correct congenital heart disease; or to treat valvular heart disease from various causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation.

"I worked for 8 years in Australia and New Zealand, 5 years in Gujarat and in the last 3 years I have worked in various hospitals of Uttarakhand. In 2018, I joined VelMed Hospital as a Senior Consultant of Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgery."

Anesthesia

Harsha Bhat
Anesthesiologist | Various Hospitals

[ 6 years Experience ]

Anesthesia or anaesthesia (from Greek "without sensation") is a state of controlled, temporary loss of sensation or awareness that is induced for medical purposes. It may include some or all of analgesia (relief from or prevention of pain), paralysis (muscle relaxation), amnesia (loss of memory), and unconsciousness. A patient under the effects of anesthetic drugs is referred to as being anesthetized.

"I did MBBS from Mysore Medical College And Research Institute and MD (Anesthesia) from R&D Medical College Udaipur in 2014, since then I am practicing Anesthesia."

Reconnective Medicine

Ailane Araujo
Nutritional & Quantum Doctor | Institute of Reconnective Medicine

[ 2 years & 1 month Experience ]

Paediatric Surgery

Santosh Kumar Singh
Associate Professor | Swami Ram Himalayan University

[ 18 years Experience ]

Paediatric surgery is a subspecialty of surgery involving the surgery of fetuses, infants, children, adolescents, and young adults.

"I did graduation and post-graduation in medicine from GSVM Medical College, Kanpur. I then did Masters in Paediatric Surgery. I practised in Kanpur for over a decade before moving to Dehradun. I am Assistant Professor at Swami Ram Himalayan University."

Interventional Cardiology

Abhinav Jain
Consultant Cadiologist | CMI Hospital

[ 1 year & 1 month Experience ]

Interventional cardiology is a branch of cardiology that deals specifically with the catheter based treatment of structural heart diseases. Andreas Gruentzig is considered the father of interventional cardiology after the development of angioplasty by interventional radiologist Charles Dotter.

"I did MBBS from Dr D Y Patil Medical College,Pimpri, Pune and MD (General Medicine) from Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences. After that I have worked as an Associate Consultant at Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, and HIMS, Dehradun. I am working as a Consultant Cardiologist at Combined Medical Institute, Dehradun since 2019."